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Prepositions and Temporal Relations

Prepositions are invariant and precede their noun phrase.

Spatial and relational prepositions

FormMeaning
inin / inside
paon / upon
nedunder / below
uppover / above
medwith
unmedwithout
frafrom
tilto / toward
forfor / intended for
mellombetween
þurthrough
motagainst / toward opposition
bakbehind
framin front of
ovabout / concerning / regarding

Examples:

in husen — in the house
med han — with him
fra hem — from home
mellom krigaren — between the wars
þur husen — through the house
bok ov krig — book about war
vi sprek ov nordsippisk — we speak about Nordsippisk

ov is not a general possessive of. Possession remains the job of -s.

Temporal relations

FormMeaning
vorbefore
eftafter
medanduring / while
sidsince
tiluntil

The temporal system broadly distinguishes:

  • vor / eft — ordering
  • sid / til — starting and ending boundaries
  • medan — temporal containment

Examples:

vor krigen — before the war
eft krigen — after the war
medan krigen — during the war
sid krigen — since the war
til natt — until night

med and medan are intentionally allowed to feel related: with and during/while.